Dutch school; first half of the seventeenth c... Lot n° 19

Dutch school; first half of the 17th century. "Portrait of a lady. Oil on copper. It has a noble coat of arms on the back. It has slight losses of the pictorial layer. Measurements: 4,5 x 4 cm. It is interesting to point out that in this miniature work the artist has covered the two spaces of the pictorial surface, the front and the back. It is for this reason that on one of the sides of the copper can be seen the presence of a sober female portrait, and on the other a heraldic coat of arms. From the Renaissance miniature portraits, framed in a circle or oval, were pieces for private contemplation. Considered as jewellery, in the 17th century they became pieces of personal adornment or a gift, when they were mounted as jewellery. They were executed in a wide variety of techniques, such as oil on copper, pewter or ivory, gouaches on parchment or cardboard and, from the 18th century, watercolour on ivory. This delicate art was lost from the second half of the 19th century onwards, in parallel with the development of photography. Portraiture, whether individual, group or even character portraits, embodies the relationship between the individual and society, and therefore the state. This genre accounts for a full third of the total output of the Dutch Baroque, and its main innovator in Holland was Frans Hals, who, thanks to the power with which he marked the character of his models, penetrating their personality to the point of giving them vitality and spontaneous truth, was able to free himself from the prevailing late mannerism, giving rise to a new conception of the portrait. Faced with the exuberant and elegant Mannerist portraiture, of virtuoso and elaborate execution, a general reaction was triggered at the beginning of the 17th century, based on compositional austerity and operational sobriety. Thus, in contrast to the previous century's desire for virtuosity, Dutch Baroque portraitists revived the earlier models in a more sober and solid manner, focusing on the characterisation of the sitters, the elegance of the poses and the delicate capturing of the qualities of the various objects.